The Myotubularin homolog 1 molecule (MTM1) is structured with three domains: a lipid-interacting N-terminal GRAM domain, a phosphatase domain, and a coiled-coil domain, enabling dimerization of Myotubularin homologs. Despite the preponderance of mutations in the phosphatase domain of MTM1, mutations also frequently affect the protein's two other domains in instances of XLMTM. For a thorough examination of the structural and functional implications of missense mutations in MTM1, we curated numerous missense mutations and implemented in silico and in vitro experimental approaches. In the mutants, besides a significant reduction in their affinity for the substrate, there was a complete abolition of phosphatase activity. The potential for long-reaching effects of mutations within non-catalytic domains on phosphatase activity was observed. This work reports, for the first time in the XLMTM literature, the characterization of coiled-coil domain mutants.
In the realm of polyaromatic biopolymers, lignin reigns supreme in terms of abundance. Because of its comprehensive and adaptable chemical makeup, a wide array of applications has been developed, including the fabrication of functional coatings and films. Lignin biopolymer, in addition to replacing fossil-based polymers, can be a component of innovative material solutions. Lignin's inherent and distinctive attributes can be leveraged to incorporate functionalities such as UV-blocking, oxygen scavenging, antimicrobial action, and barrier properties. This has led to the development of various applications, including polymer coatings, adsorbent materials, paper sizing additives, wood veneers, food packaging, biomaterials, fertilizers, corrosion inhibitors, and antifouling membranes. While the pulp and paper industry currently yields large volumes of technical lignin, future biorefineries are predicted to provide a far more extensive spectrum of products. Hence, the creation of new applications for lignin is of paramount significance, both technologically and economically. This review article aims to summarize and discuss the current research on functional surfaces, films, and coatings incorporating lignin, particularly emphasizing the strategies used in their formulation and application.
In this paper, a new approach to stabilizing Ni(II) complexes on modified mesoporous KIT-6 resulted in the successful synthesis of KIT-6@SMTU@Ni, a novel and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst. Characterization of the obtained catalyst (KIT-6@SMTU@Ni) encompassed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) calculation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After a comprehensive characterization, the catalyst was successfully applied to the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles and pyranopyrazoles. Benzonitrile derivatives, combined with sodium azide (NaN3), were used to form tetrazoles. Within a reasonable timeframe (1.3-8 hours), the KIT-6@SMTU@Ni catalyst enabled the high-yield (88-98%) synthesis of all tetrazole products, exhibiting impressive turnover numbers (TON) and frequencies (TOF), demonstrating its practical applicability. Pyranopyrazoles were produced through the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives with malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate, and ethyl acetoacetate, exhibiting high turnover numbers, turnover frequencies, and exceptional yields (87-98%) within timeframes ranging from 2 to 105 hours. The KIT-6@SMTU@Ni module exhibits the capability of five runs without any need for reactivation. This plotted protocol's strengths lie in the deployment of green solvents, the use of readily available and inexpensive materials, exceptional catalyst separation and reusability, a quick reaction time, substantial product yields, and a simple workup.
The in vitro anticancer activity of 6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-[13]dithiolo[45-b]quinoxaline-2-ylidines 10a-f, 12, 14, 16, and 18, a new series of compounds, was assessed after their design and synthesis. Through a systematic approach utilizing 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis, the structures of the new compounds were carefully investigated. The synthesized derivatives' in vitro antiproliferative effects were examined on three human cancer cell lines, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7, with MCF-7 displaying a more pronounced sensitivity. Subsequently, derivatives 10c, 10f, and 12 emerged as the most promising candidates, exhibiting sub-micromole values. When tested against MDA-MB-231, these derivatives showcased significant IC50 values spanning 226.01 to 1046.08 M and exhibited minimal cellular cytotoxicity against WI-38 cells. Against all expectations, derivative 12 displayed a heightened effectiveness against the breast cell lines MCF-7 (IC50 = 382.02 µM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 226.01 µM), surpassing doxorubicin's activity (IC50 = 417.02 µM and 318.01 µM). CC885 Cell cycle analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with compound 12 revealed a significant arrest and inhibition of growth in the S phase, showcasing a 4816% difference compared to the untreated control's 2979%. This compound also provoked a significant increase in apoptosis, specifically 4208%, compared to the control group's 184%. Compound 12 also led to a decrease in Bcl-2 protein levels by 0.368-fold, accompanied by a 397-fold and 497-fold increase in the activation of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and P53, respectively, within MCF-7 cells. Significant inhibitory activity of Compound 12 against EGFRWt, EGFRL858R, and VEGFR-2 was observed, with IC50 values of 0.019 ± 0.009, 0.0026 ± 0.0001, and 0.042 ± 0.021 M, respectively. Erlotinib displayed IC50 values of 0.0037 ± 0.0002 and 0.0026 ± 0.0001 M, and sorafenib's IC50 was 0.0035 ± 0.0002 M. Finally, the in silico ADMET prediction on the 13-dithiolo[45-b]quinoxaline derivative 12 signified compliance with the Lipinski rule of five and the Veber rule, without any PAINs alarms, and possessing moderate solubility properties. The toxicity prediction for compound 12 showed no evidence of hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, or cytotoxicity. In addition, molecular docking investigations revealed a favorable binding affinity, characterized by lower binding energies, inside the active sites of Bcl-2 (PDB 4AQ3), EGFR (PDB 1M17), and VEGFR (PDB 4ASD).
China's iron and steel industry is a cornerstone of its economic foundation. CC885 Despite the introduction of energy-efficient and emission-reducing strategies, sulfur control in the iron and steel industry mandates desulfurization of blast furnace gas (BFG). Carbonyl sulfide (COS)'s unique physical and chemical properties have complicated and intensified the challenges associated with BFG treatment. This paper delves into COS sources present within BFG structures. Subsequently, it details common strategies for removing COS, including an exploration of different adsorbent types and the adsorption mechanisms associated with these methods. The operation of the adsorption method is straightforward, economical, and boasts a wide array of adsorbent types, making it a significant area of current research focus. Coincidentally, common adsorbent materials, exemplified by activated carbon, molecular sieves, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered hydroxide adsorbents (LDHs), are brought into play. CC885 Beneficial information for future BFG desulfurization technological advancements stems from the adsorption mechanisms, specifically complexation, acid-base interactions, and metal-sulfur interactions.
The promising application of chemo-photothermal therapy in cancer treatment stems from its high efficiency and minimal side effects. A nano-drug delivery system designed for cancer cell targeting, characterized by high drug loading capacity and superior photothermal conversion, holds substantial importance. A novel nano-drug carrier, MGO-MDP-FA, was successfully produced by encapsulating folic acid-grafted maltodextrin polymers (MDP-FA) onto Fe3O4-functionalized graphene oxide (MGO). A nano-drug carrier was developed, possessing both the cancer cell targeting feature of FA and the magnetic targeting feature of MGO. Significant amounts of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) were incorporated using hydrogen bond, hydrophobic, and other interactions, leading to a maximum loading of 6579 milligrams per gram and a loading capacity of 3968 weight percent. MGO-MDP-FA displayed a considerable thermal ablation effect on tumor cells in vitro, under near-infrared irradiation, due to the exceptional photothermal conversion properties of MGO. Importantly, MGO-MDP-FA@DOX exhibited substantial chemo-photothermal tumor reduction in vitro, yielding an 80% rate of tumor cell demise. The nano-drug delivery platform MGO-MDP-FA, as detailed in this paper, provides a promising nano-platform for achieving synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy in cancer.
The interaction between the carbon nanocone (CNC) surface and cyanogen chloride (ClCN) was studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT). This research found that pristine CNC is not an appropriate choice for detecting ClCN gas, as its electronic properties show minimal variation. The implementation of multiple strategies led to improvements in the qualities of carbon nanocones. Pyridinol (Pyr) and pyridinol oxide (PyrO) were incorporated into the nanocone structure, which was then further decorated with the metals boron (B), aluminum (Al), and gallium (Ga). Subsequently, the nanocones were further augmented with the identical third-group metal dopants: boron, aluminum, and gallium. Simulation data showed that the use of aluminum and gallium atoms as dopants generated promising outcomes. After a detailed optimization procedure, two steady-state configurations were found for ClCN gas interacting with the CNC-Al and CNC-Ga systems (specifically S21 and S22), showcasing Eads values of -2911 and -2370 kcal mol⁻¹, respectively, determined by calculations at the M06-2X/6-311G(d) level.